Causes of Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is a common condition characterized by frequent, loose, or watery stools. It can affect people of all ages and is usually a symptom of an underlying issue. The causes of diarrhoea vary widely and may be classified as infectious or non-infectious.
1. Infections:
The most common cause of diarrhoea is infection by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Viral infections, such as rotavirus and norovirus, are particularly common in children. Bacterial causes include Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, often resulting from contaminated food or water. Parasitic infections like giardiasis can also lead to diarrhoea, especially in areas with poor sanitation.
2. Food Intolerance and Allergies:
Some people may experience diarrhoea after consuming certain foods. Lactose intolerance, for instance, occurs when the body cannot digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. Food allergies, such as those to gluten (celiac disease), can also trigger diarrhoea.
3. Medications:
Antibiotics, antacids containing magnesium, and certain cancer treatments can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut or irritate the digestive system, leading to diarrhoea.
4. Digestive Disorders:
Chronic conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), and microscopic colitis can cause persistent diarrhoea.
5. Stress and Anxiety:
Emotional stress can impact gut health and motility, sometimes leading to diarrhoea, especially in individuals with sensitive digestive systems.
In most cases, diarrhoea resolves on its own within a few days. However, persistent or severe diarrhoea may lead to dehydration and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
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